cdots
Represents a horizontal ellipsis (three centered dots) used to indicate continuation in mathematical expressions, particularly in matrices and sequences.
Overview
Serves as a crucial notation element in mathematical writing to show pattern continuation, especially in the middle of expressions at the same vertical level as multiplication dots.
- Commonly used in sequences, series, and matrix notation to indicate omitted terms
- Preferred over regular dots when showing multiplication or horizontal continuation in mathematical expressions
- Often appears in linear algebra for compact matrix representation
- Distinguished from \ldots (low dots) and \vdots (vertical dots) by its centered alignment
- Particularly useful in professional mathematical typesetting where precise dot placement matters
Examples
Showing the middle terms of a sequence in mathematical notation.
x_1 + x_2 + \cdots + x_n
Representing matrix elements with centered dots.
\begin{pmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12} & \cdots & a_{1n} \\ a_{21} & a_{22} & \cdots & a_{2n} \end{pmatrix}
Indicating multiplication of multiple terms.
x_1 \cdot x_2 \cdot \cdots \cdot x_n = \prod_{i=1}^n x_i